[Cytoplasmic receptors of steroid hormones and clinico-morphological characteristics of skin melanoma]. / Tsitoplazmaticheskie retseptory steroidnykh gormonov i kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti melanomy kozhy.

Receptors of estrogens (ER), progesterone (PR), glucocorticoids (GR) and androgens (AR) were assayed in samples obtained from 142 patients with malignant melanoma. GR were observed most often (57% of cases), the percentage being significantly lower for ER (25%) and PR (18%) and extremely low for AR (4%). The occurrence of GR was significantly higher in metastasis to lymph nodes (69%) and soft tissue (67%) as compared to primary tumor (39%). It was higher in acro-lentiginous melanoma (83%) than in superficially extending (30%) or nodular one (33%). GR occurrence rose with the increase in level of invasion (from 30% for level III to 71% for level V) and tumor thickness. In application of adjuvant chemotherapy, patients with GR--negative tumors tended to survive better than those with GR--positive tumors whereas in the chemotherapy-naive group, GR--positive tumors carried better prognosis.

[Glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with bronchial asthma]. / Izuchenie retseptorov gliukokortikoidov v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

Quantitation of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) and the study of their affinity for glucocorticosteroids (GCS) were made in peripheral blood lymphocytes of bronchial asthma (BA) patients in consideration of GCR treatment and serum levels of endogenous cortisol. It is stated that GCR of healthy controls and GCS-untreated patients outnumbered those of cortisol-dependent BA patients on hormone therapy. Following discontinuation of glucocorticoid drugs GCR count in cortisol-dependent BA tends to rise. Endogenous cortisol has no effect on GCR level estimated by 3H-triamcinolone acetonide.

[The capacity of glucocorticoid receptors for activation as a possible criterion of the hormonal sensitivity of human tumors]. / Soposobnost' retseptorov gliukokortikoidov k aktivatsii kak vozmozhnyi kriterii gormonal'noi chuvstvitel'nosti opukholei cheloveka.

For the functional activity evaluation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) a specific method for their activated form determination was developed on the experimental model of the rat liver. The method is based on the interaction of GR with DNA-cellulose. It has been shown that 26-41% of the total rat liver GR are able of undergoing activation and being bound to DNA-cellulose. Activated GR were studied in 88 renal tumours and in 37 melanomas. 20% of renal tumours and 33% of melanomas contain GR which are not able to undergo activation. The number of activated GR in most cases is much lower than the total GR number. There is no direct correlation between the concentrations of total and activated GR, as well as between the total GR content and the percent of activated forms in the whole receptor pool. It appears that the study of activated GR may give more reliable information about the hormone sensitivity of tumours than the determination of the total receptor content.

[Surgical stress in pediatric oncology]. / Operatsionnyi stress v detskoi onkologii.

Hormonal-metabolic examination was performed in 150 children suffering nephroblastoma and retroperitoneal tumors to outline features of surgical stress in pediatric cancer patients. Surgical trauma causes hyperglycemia associated with relatively low level of insulin and elevated concentration of somatotropin in blood. A reverse correlation was established between pre- and intraoperative values of many hormonal-metabolic parameters. Surgical stress results in cytolysis, protein catabolism and an increase in endogenous intoxication. Retabolil, eleuterococcus, gordox and preoperative infusion of glucose and neohemodes can be used for prevention of surgical stress.

[Steroid hormone receptors in lung cancer tissue]. / Retseptory steroidnykh gormonov v tkani raka legkogo.

Receptors to estrogens (ER), progesterone (PR), glucocorticoids (GR) and androgens (AR) were assayed in 44 lung cancer patients to evaluate hormonal sensitivity of tumor. In 30 cases, active forms of GR were additionally measured by DNA-cellulose adsorption method. GR appeared to be most frequent (65%). Tumors contained PR and ER in 22% and 16% respectively, but failed to reveal AR. A correlation was established between stage and GR positivity, with 83 +/- 8% of GR-positive tumors observed at stage T1-3N0M0 as compared to 50 +/- 12% at stage T1-3N 1-2M0 (P less than or equal to 0.05). As few as 55% (11 out of 20) of GR-positive tumors revealed receptors capable of activation and interaction with DNA-cellulose. These tumors alone, one third of tumors studied, are likely to respond to glucocorticoid treatment.

[Hormonal and metabolic criteria of the adequacy of anesthesia during surgery of nephroblastoma in children]. / Gormonal'no-metabolicheskie kriterii adekvatnosti anestezii pri operatsiiakh po povodu nefroblastom u detei.

The data are presented on changes in hypophyseal-adrenal system and carbohydrate metabolism during transperitoneal nephrectomy in 42 children aged 1 to 15 years with stage II-III tumors. In 22 patients surgery was performed under combined neuroleptanalgesia with halothane for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. In 20 patients halothane was replaced by diazepam. Glucose, insulin, ACTH, CTH, hydrocortisone, lactic and pyruvic acid levels, total activity of LDG, its isoenzymes and cAMP have been assessed at different stages of anesthesia and surgery.

[Changes in the brain bioelectrical activity and in the ACTH content of the blood plasma during voluntary hyperventilation in malignant neoplasm patients]. / Izmeneniia bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti golovnogo mozga i soderzhaniia AKTG v plazme krovi pri proizvol'noi giperventiliatsii u bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi novoobrazovaniiami.

A 3-5-min spontaneous hyperventilation caused normalization of initially altered electroencephalogram and inactivation of hypothalamic structures in 14 patients with malignant tumors, as well as negative dynamics of bioelectrical brain activity and activation of diencephalic area in 6 healthy subjects. In hyperventilation ACTH plasma concentration increased 13-fold on average (from 14.2 +/- 12.1, to 185 +/- 82 pg/ml) in normal subjects and 2.4-fold (from 45.5 +/- 19.8 to 110 +/- 17 pg/ml) in oncological patients. It is assumed that changes in hypothalamo-hypophyseal reactivity in patients with malignant neoplasias can be associated with generalized intracellular metabolic acidosis, partially, compensated by gas alkalosis in the plasma due to hyperventilation.

[The importance of determining androgen receptors in malignant breast tumors]. / Znachenie opredeleniia retseptorov androgenov v zlokachestvennykh opukholiakh molochnoi zhelezy.

Androgen receptor (AR) level was studied in 254 untreated cases of breast cancer. The occurrence and mean level of AR did not depend upon stage of disease or reproductive status. However, distribution of AR was determined by histologic pattern and grade of malignancy. Increase in degree of anaplasia of ductal invasive carcinoma was matched by decrease in its AR-positive fraction from 75 to 20%. Recurrence-free survival in surgically treated p T1-2 No Mo patients did not depend upon AR status of tumor. In cases of p T1-2 No Mo AR-positive malignancy, recurrences or metastases occurred 2.2 times as rarely when surgery was followed by endocrine therapy. However, in patients with AR-negative tumors (same stage), the best results were obtained with postoperative chemo- and chemoradiation treatment.

[Prognostic value of the level of steroid hormone receptors in cancer of the large intestine]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie urovnia retseptorov steroidnykh gormonov pri rake tolstoi kishki.

Clinical course of 77 surgical cases of cancer of the large bowel was evaluated versus levels of estrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid hormone receptors. Within the follow-up period (range 6-41 months), 7 (9%) patients died of tumor progression, 16 (21%) developed recurrence or metastases, while the rest 54 (70%) cases continued in remission. Patients with steroid hormone receptor-positive tumors revealed more favorable clinical course as well as longer disease-free and overall survival than cases of receptor-negative cancer. Estrogen receptor status was found to be of the highest prognostic value in terms of clinical course and survival, as compared to all other hormone receptors studied.

[Prognostic significance of the glucocorticoid receptor level in the bone marrow blast cells of children with leukemias]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie urovnia retseptorov gliukokortikoidov v blastnykh kletkakh kostnogo mozga detei, bol'nykh leikozami.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels of bone marrow blast cells were measured in 29 pediatric patients suffering different forms of acute leukemia. A decrease in GR level was registered immediately after prednisolone treatment. Differences in cell GR levels in patients with lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia were not significant. The level of GR of bone marrow blast cells was found to be of prognostic significance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 4 out of 5 patients with GR levels under 3,000 sights per cell relapsed within 5-7 months of follow-up whereas all 7 cases with higher levels continue in remission. No correlation between GR level and prognosis was established in 5 patients with various forms of acute myeloblastic leukemia.

[Prognostic importance of the tumor receptor status in patients with ovarian cancer]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie retseptornogo statusa opukholi u bol'nykh rakom iaichnikov.

Estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptor levels were assayed in 70 malignant epithelial ovarian tumors from untreated patients and in 23 malignancies from those receiving preoperative chemotherapy. Both PR+ and AR+ frequency and their mean levels in tumor were found to be relatively lower after preoperative chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of receptor status in tumor was identified: the efficacy of combined chemotherapy in PR- and RA- tumor patients was much lower as compared with PR+ and RA+ tumors; a 2-year recurrence-free survival of 12.5% and median duration of remission of 6 months were observed in the former group, while in the latter the disease-free survival rate was as high as 66.7%, and a median duration of remission had not been reached at 24 months of follow-up.

[Effect of radiation and drug therapy on the hormonal status of patients with breast cancer, taking into consideration the receptor level of the tumor]. / Vliianie luchevoi i khimioterapii na gormonal'nyi status bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy s uchetom urovniia retseptorov v opukholi.

A study was made of the content of the steroid and peptide hormones in the blood of 115 patients with Stage III a,b,c breast cancer (54 patients at the reproductive age and 61 in the menopause) before treatment and during radio- and chemotherapy. A group of healthy women (28 with preserved menstruation and 20 in the menopause) was taken as controls. Data on the concentration of the steroid hormones in the patients' blood were compared with the presence of the respective receptors in tumor. Before treatment a significant rise of the estradiol concentration was noted in the blood of the menopause patients, that of prolactin both in the menopause patients and in the patients with preserved menstruation. A raised testosterone concentration was also noted in the patients with preserved menstruation. After radiotherapy the blood prolactin level, particularly in the patients with preserved menstruation, increased more than 2-fold. There was no correlation between the levels of the steroid and peptide hormones during therapy and its efficacy. The prolactin level can be used as a criterion of the efficacy of antitumor therapy, its stable rise in operated patients during therapy being an unfavorable prognostic sign.

Trepanobiopsy as a tool for the study of the influence of presurgical treatment on the steroid receptor status of advanced breast cancer.

Estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors were determined in samples obtained by trepanobiopsy before treatment and in surgical material following chemo- or radiotherapy in 131 Stage III a, b, c breast cancer patients. The levels and distribution of the receptors in bioptates coincided with the data obtained earlier for the surgical material from patients, who didn't receive presurgical therapy. It is concluded that breast tumor trepanobioptates may be used for the determination of tumor receptor status. Radiotherapy affected the level and frequency of occurrence of steroid hormone receptors. The degree of variations depended on the dosage of irradiation and after exposure period. After presurgical chemotherapy the percent of receptor-positive tumors increased.

[Radioimmunologic evaluation of the prognosis and effective therapy of patients with small cell lung cancer]. / Radioimmunologicheskaia otsenka prognoza i éffektivnosti terapii bol'nykh melkokletochnym rakom legkogo.

Radioimmunoassay was used to determine CEA, ACTH, calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol levels in the blood plasma and serum of small-cell lung carcinoma patients before and after chemotherapy. The prognostic value of the determination of CEA, ACTH and CT levels was shown. In 74% of patients, progression of the disease was accompanied by a rise of the CEA level, successful treatment by a decrease in the CEA level. A similar correlation between tumor activity and ACTH, CT and PTH levels was shown in 50.44 and 47% of the patients respectively.

[Change in the level of steroid hormone receptors in the tumors of patients with breast cancer complicated by liver and bile duct diseases]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia retseptorov steroidnykh gormonov v opukholiakh bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy s zabolevaniiami pecheni i zhelchnykh putei.

Estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels were assayed in cytosols of primary tumor in 132 patients with breast cancer. Concomitant diseases of the liver and bile ducts were detected in 13 of them. Patients with concomitant hepatic pathology showed a relatively lower percentage of tumors bearing receptors of the above steroid hormones. This was matched by a significant reduction in the level of progesterone receptors. The frequency of identification of receptors of both estrogens and progesterone in tumor in cases of concomitant hepatic pathology was three times less than in those free from it.

[Glucocorticoid receptors and the histological structure of breast cancer]. / Retseptory gliukokortikoidov i gistologicheskoe stroenie raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were studied in tumor cytosols from 140 breast cancer patients. The level of GR depended upon tumor histology. The highest GR level was found in medullary cancer, while the lowest--in a mucinous one. The GR level in ductal-invasive cancer was significantly higher than in the lobular infiltrative type. The frequency of GR in tumors of the 1st grade of malignancy was significantly lower than in those of the 2nd and 3rd grade of malignancy. The 1st grade of malignancy tumors which contained GR had estrogen and progesterone receptors, too. The increasing malignancy was matched by the rising percentage of such tumors which was as high as 47% among 3rd grade of malignancy tumors.

[Biochemical methods and their place in prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of small cell lung cancer]. / Biokhimicheskie metody i ikh mesto v prognozirovanii i otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia melkokletochnogo raka legkogo.

The blood plasma levels of ACTH, CEA, calcitonin, parathyrin, hydrocortisone, serotonin, and histamine were measured radioimmunologically in 58 cases of small cell lung cancer prior to treatment. Elevated concentrations of CEA (61%) and ACTH (44%) were relatively frequent. Blood plasma--ACTH level in cases of expanded small cell lung cancer was higher than in healthy subjects and patients with localized tumor. A correlation was found between cancer patients survival time and the basal levels of CEA, ACTH and calcitonin. Polyamines were assayed in diurnal urine of 24 cancer patients prior to treatment and during chemotherapy. The mean level of putrescine before treatment was much in excess of normal value. Responders to treatment revealed a considerable rise in spermidine excretion within the first 10 days after treatment. In non-responders, spermidine excretion remained at the same level.